Melasma occurs when the skin's pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) become overactive, leading to excessive melanin production. This results in hyperpigmented patches that can vary in size and intensity. While melasma is not harmful, it can significantly impact self-esteem and confidence. With innovative treatments like stem cell therapy, there is hope for reducing pigmentation and achieving clearer, more radiant skin.

The primary symptom of melasma is the appearance of dark, irregular patches on the skin. Common characteristics include:

Brown or gray-brown patches: Typically on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip.

Symmetrical distribution: Patches often appear on both sides of the face.

Sun exposure sensitivity: Patches may darken with sun exposure.

No pain or itching: Melasma is usually asymptomatic apart from the visible discoloration.

Melasma is caused by a combination of factors, including:

Hormonal changes:

Pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy.

Sun exposure:

UV rays stimulate melanocytes, leading to increased pigmentation.

Genetic predisposition:

A family history of melasma increases the risk.

Skin care products:

Harsh products that irritate the skin can worsen melasma.

Other factors:

Thyroid disorders or certain medications.

Diagnosing melasma involves a thorough evaluation, including:

Visual examination: Inspecting the skin for characteristic patches.
Wood's lamp examination: Using a special light to assess the depth of pigmentation.
Medical history: Reviewing hormonal changes, sun exposure, and family history.
Skin biopsy: In rare cases, to rule out other skin conditions.

The goal of treatment is to reduce pigmentation, prevent recurrence, and improve skin appearance. Treatment options include:

Topical treatments:

Hydroquinone: A skin-lightening agent.

Retinoids: To promote cell turnover and reduce pigmentation.

Azelaic acid or kojic acid: To lighten dark patches.

Procedures:

Chemical peels: To exfoliate the skin and reduce pigmentation.

Microdermabrasion: To improve skin texture and tone.

Laser therapy: To target and break down melanin deposits.

Sun protection:

Using broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily.

Wearing hats or protective clothing to minimize sun exposure.

Lifestyle changes:

Avoiding hormonal triggers, such as birth control pills, if possible.

Using gentle skincare products to avoid irritation.

Advanced Regenerative Treatments:

Stem cell therapy: At Concord Stem Cell Limited, we are exploring the potential of stem cells to repair damaged skin, regulate melanin production, and improve skin tone. Stem cell therapy offers hope for long-lasting results and enhanced skin health.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy: Using the patient’s blood to stimulate collagen production and skin rejuvenation.